During which phase does ovulation occur in the menstrual cycle?

Ovulation occurs during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, which is characterized by the maturation of ovarian follicles in response to hormonal signals, primarily from follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This phase typically starts on the first day of menstruation and lasts until ovulation, which is marked by a peak in estrogen levels as the dominant follicle prepares to release an egg. The surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) triggered by this increase in estrogen leads to the release of the egg from the ovary, thereby defining ovulation itself.

The other phases mentioned are distinct in their functions; for instance, the luteal phase occurs after ovulation and focuses on preparing the uterine lining for potential pregnancy. The menstrual phase is when the uterine lining is shed if no pregnancy occurs, and the secretory phase follows ovulation but primarily supports the potential implantation of an embryo. Understanding these phases is crucial in comprehending the overall menstrual cycle and reproductive health.