Name the process by which sperm are produced in the testes.

Spermatogenesis is the biological process responsible for the production of sperm cells within the male reproductive system, specifically occurring in the testes. This complex process begins with spermatogonia, which are precursor germ cells that undergo several stages of division and differentiation. Through mitosis and meiosis, spermatogonia transform into primary spermatocytes, which then undergo meiosis to form secondary spermatocytes and ultimately develop into mature spermatozoa.

This process is essential for male fertility and involves both hormonal regulation and structural changes in the sperm cells, ensuring that they are able to successfully fertilize an ovum during reproduction. Understanding spermatogenesis is crucial as it underscores the biological foundation of male reproductive health and the various factors that can impact sperm development and quality.